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James Trenchard

James Trenchard - Hygrometer Dobson's Encyclopaedia

Hygrometer #2, Fig. 7,8 & 10 (Dobson's Encyclopaedia)

James Trenchard's original engraving, "Hygrometer" #2 (Fig. 7,8 & 10)" was published in 1794 by Thomas Dobson for the 18th century American Encyclopaedia. This Trenchard engraving depicts Hygrometers. These instruments record moisture in the air. Earlier hygrometers, such as the late eighteenth century trio depicted here, often contained hair or catgut, which altered in length when absorbing humidity and thus moved the scale to which they were attached. "Hygrometer" is a fine original example of the art created by American engraver, James Trenchard (born, 1747).
 
Title: Hygrometer #2 (Fig. 7,8 & 10) (Dobson's Encyclopaedia)
Artist: Trenchard, James (born, Penns Neck, New Jersey, 1747)
Date: 1794
Medium: Original Engraving
Publisher: Dobson, Philadelphia
Source: Encyclopaedia; or A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature;...
Note: Thomas Dobson (Scotland, 1751 - Philadelphia,1823): Thomas Dobson's "Encyclopaedia" (1789-1803) is listed as the first American Encyclopedia published entirely in the United States. It was largely based upon the third edition of the British "Encyclopaedia Britannica", (1788-1797), yet, Dobson's title page reads; "The first American Editon, in eighteen Volumes, Greatly Improved". Listed in their collection, the John Adams Public Library contains a complete eighteen volumes set issued in parts (1790-1797) and the four supplements issued (1803). The title pages to all their volumes are dated (1798). The engravings, (as printed on the title pages) include five hundred and forty-two original copper plate illustrations. The engravings dealt mainly with science, natural history and the useful arts of the day. The plates were engraved by James Trenchard (b, 1747), Robert Scot, (1744?-1823), James Thackara (1767-1848), John Vallance (1770-1823) and other fine engravers. Among other factors, these are very valuable engravings because the names of the artists appearing on most of these plates take us back to the incunabula of original American printmaking. Notable subscribers to Dobson's "Encyclopedia" included important public figures such as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin and many other prominent citizens. This original James Trenchard engraving, entitled "Levels" hails from this source.
  Other books printed and or published by Thomas Dobson include the first edition of Adam Smith's "Wealth of Nations" (1789) and the first Hebrew Bible published in America (1814), the second book on Australia to be published in America, George Barrington's "A Voyage to New South Wales" (1796), and many other noteworthy volumes.
  James Trenchard (born, Penns Neck, New Jersey, 1747): James Trenchard came to Philadelphia in 1777 and studied engraving with the artist, James Smithers there. Trenchard was one of five founders and later the owner of the Columbian Magazine, or, Monthly Miscellany Philadelphia (1786-1792) and provided many of the important early topographical engravings for this publication. He also made dies for medals. "Hygrometer #2, Fig. 7,8 & 10" is a striking example of the engraved art James Trenchard created for Dobson's first American "Encyclopaedia".
  An additional selection of artists who contributed original engravings to the first American Encyclopedia published by Thomas Dobsan, (1789-1803) include, Robert Scot who was born in England and was originally a watchmaker. He moved to Philadelphia in 1783 where he engraved portraits and scientific plates. He was appointed engraver to the United States mint in 1793. The names of 'James Thackara and John Vallance' are also prominent. James Thackara (Philadelphia, 1767 - 1848) was apprenticed to James Trenchard and married his daughter. From 1791 to 1797, he established in engraving partnership with Vallance. Later, he was appointed Keeper of the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. John Vallance (Scotland, 1770 - Philadelphia, 1823) came to America in 1791 and became a partner with Thackara. He engraved portraits and encyclopaedia plates and was a founder of the Association of Artists in America (1794). He is also known to have engraved a number of very early American bank notes.
  Like most eighteenth century plates, these engravings are quite scarce. These fascinating engravings are also very valuable as records of early American art and science. This original engraving depicts the Hygrometers. These instruments record moisture in the air. Earlier hygrometers, such as the late eighteenth century trio depicted here, often contained hair or catgut, which altered in length when absorbing humidity and thus moved the scale to which they were attached.
Size: 9 X 7 1/4 (Sizes in inches are approximate, height preceding width of plate-mark or image.)
  Matted with 100% Archival Materials
Condition: Printed upon fine, hand-made laid paper and with full margins as published in Philadelphia in 1794. It is a strong impression and in very good condition throughout. Altogether, Hygrometer #2 (Fig. 7,8 & 10) is a very important, early American engraving.
Subject: Hygrometer, Dobson's Encyclopaedia, eighteenth century American science, natural history and the technical arts, humidity, atmosphere, record moisture, hair or catgut, James Trenchard (born, 1747).
Price: Sold - The price is no longer available.
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Original Engraving by James Trenchard published by Thomas Dobson.

Hygrometer Original Engraving by James Trenchard published by Thomas Dobson
Hygrometer #2 (Fig. 7,8 & 10)

View other original engravings published for Thomas Dobson's American "Encyclopaedia" .

Thomas Dobson's Encyclopaedia; or A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature;...
# Image Title & Artist Artist Info Medium Date -
01.- Animalcules by Robert Scot Animalcules by Robert Scot Robert Scot (born, England 1744? - Philadelphia, 1823) Original Engraving 1794  
02.- - Astronomy Solar Eclipse by Robert Scot Robert Scot (born, England 1744? - Philadelphia, 1823) Original Engraving 1794 Sold
03.- - Astronomy: Planetary Orbits by an Anonymous 18th Century American Artist Anonymous 18th Century American Artist Original Engraving 1794 Sold
04.- - Atropa Mandragora and Balance by James Thackara Thackara, James (Philadelphia, 1767 - 1848) Original Engraving 1794 Sold
05.- Battering Ram Bern Machine and Blocks by James Thackara and John Vallance Battering Ram, Bern Machine and Blocks by James Thackara & John Vallance James Thackara (Philadelphia, 1767 - 1848) & John Vallance (Scotland, 1770 - Philadelphia, 1823) Original Engraving 1794  
06.- Bee by Robert Scot Bee by Robert Scot Robert Scot (born, England 1744? - Philadelphia, 1823) Original Engraving 1794 Sold
07.- Blow Pipe by Robert Scot Blow Pipe by Robert Scot Robert Scot (born, England 1744? - Philadelphia, 1823) Original Engraving 1794  
08.- Burning Lens by Robert Scot Burning Lens by Robert Scot Robert Scot (born, England 1744? - Philadelphia, 1823) Original Engraving 1794 Sold
09.- - Dialing by James Thackara James Thackara (Philadelphia, 1767 - 1848) Original Engraving 1794 Sold
10.- - Dialing by Robert Scot Robert Scot (Born, England - fl., Philadelphia, 1783) Original Engraving 1794 Sold
11.- - Fossil Shells by an Anonymous 18th Century American Artist Anonymous 18th Century American Artist Original Engraving 1794 Sold
12.- Furnace by Robert Scot Furnace by Robert Scot Robert Scot (born, England 1744? - Philadelphia, 1823) Original Engraving 1794  
13.- - Gages by James Thackara James Thackara (Philadelphia, 1767 - 1848) Original Engraving 1794 Sold
14.- Furnace by Robert Scot Gas by an Anonymous 18th Century American Artist Anonymous 18th Century American Artist Original Engraving 1794  
15.- Hydrostatics by Robert Scot Hydrostatics by Robert Scot Robert Scot (born, England 1744? - Philadelphia, 1823) Original Engraving 1794  
16.- Hygrometer plate 1 by James Trenchard Hygrometer #1 (Fig. 1,2,3,4 etc) by James Trenchard James Trenchard (born, Penns Neck, New Jersey, 1747) Original Engraving 1794  
17.- Hygrometer plate 2 by James Trenchard Hygrometer #2 (Fig. 7,8 & 10) by James Trenchard James Trenchard (born, Penns Neck, New Jersey, 1747) Original Engraving 1794 Sold
18.- - Levels by James Trenchard James Trenchard (born, Penns Neck, New Jersey, 1747) Original Engraving 1794 Sold

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